Psoriatic arthritis: treatment strategies using anti-inflammatory drugs and classical DMARDs

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease typically characterized by arthritis and psoriasis variably associated with other extra-articular manifestations. PsA has been considered a milder and less disabling disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), even if some studies showed that PsA had joint erosions and damage. In addition, about 20-40% of PsA patients have axial skeleton involvement that may lead to functional limitation and deformity. The treatment of PsA ranged from initial treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents (DMARDs) for the suppression of inflammation in patients with recalcitrant peripheral joint disease. In clinical practice, the most widely used DMARDs are methotrexate (level of evidence B), sulfasalazine (level of evidence A), leflunomide (level of evidence A), and ciclosporin (level of evidence B). However, the efficacy of these agents in inhibiting joint erosions has not been assessed in controlled studies. Finally, the effectiveness of DMARDs in treating enthesitis and dactylitis is controversial. The present paper revised the evidence-based results on treatment with “conventional” therapy for PsA. The revision was based on all the subsets of the diseases, namely the various manifestations of the articular involvement (peripheral, axial, enthesitis, dactylitis) as well as the skin and nail involvement.